Role of Lignin in Reducing Life-Cycle Carbon Emissions, Water Use, and Cost for United States Cellulosic Biofuels
Identifieur interne : 004F75 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 004F74; suivant : 004F76Role of Lignin in Reducing Life-Cycle Carbon Emissions, Water Use, and Cost for United States Cellulosic Biofuels
Auteurs : Corinne D. Scown [États-Unis] ; Amit A. Gokhale [États-Unis] ; Paul A. Willems [États-Unis] ; Arpad Horvath [États-Unis] ; Thomas E. Mckone [États-Unis]Source :
- Environmental science & technology [ 0013-936X ] ; 2014.
Descripteurs français
- Pascal (Inist)
- Lignine, Cycle vie (environnement), Biocarburant, Etats-Unis, Diminution coût, Réduction pollution, Emission gaz, Gaz effet serre, Consommation eau, Bioraffinerie, Biopolymère, Impact environnement, Développement durable, Carburant remplacement, Energie renouvelable, Energie remplacement, Lutte antipollution, Empreinte carbone.
- Wicri :
- topic : Développement durable.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Alternative energy, Alternative motor fuel, Biofuel, Biopolymer, Biorefinery, Carbon footprint, Cost lowering, Environment impact, Gas emission, Greenhouse gas, Life cycle (environment), Lignin, Pollution abatement, Pollution control, Renewable energy, Sustainable development, United States, Water consumption.
Abstract
Cellulosic ethanol can achieve estimated greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions greater than 80% relative to gasoline, largely as a result of the combustion of lignin for process heat and electricity in biorefineries. Most studies assume lignin is combusted onsite, but exporting lignin to be cofired at coal power plants has the potential to substantially reduce biorefinery capital costs. We assess the life-cycle GHG emissions, water use, and capital costs associated with four representative biorefinery test cases. Each case is evaluated in the context of a U.S. national scenario in which com stover, wheat straw, and Miscanthus are converted to 1.4 EJ (60 billion liters) of ethanol annually. Life-cycle GHG emissions range from 4.7 to 61 g CO2e/MJ of ethanol (compared with ˜95 g CO2e/MJ of gasoline), depending on biorefinery configurations and marginal electricity sources. Exporting lignin can achieve GHG emission reductions comparable to onsite combustion in some cases, reduce life-cycle water consumption by up to 40%, and reduce combined heat and power-related capital costs by up to 63%. However, nearly 50% of current U.S. coal-fired power generating capacity is expected to be retired by 2050, which will limit the capacity for lignin cofiring and may double transportation distances between biorefineries and coal power plants.
Affiliations:
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Scown</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Environmental Energy Technologies Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory</s1><s2>Berkeley, California 94720</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Berkeley, California 94720</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gokhale, Amit A" sort="Gokhale, Amit A" uniqKey="Gokhale A" first="Amit A." last="Gokhale">Amit A. Gokhale</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>BP Corporation North America Inc., 2151 Berkeley Way</s1><s2>Berkeley, 94704</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Berkeley, 94704</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Willems, Paul A" sort="Willems, Paul A" uniqKey="Willems P" first="Paul A." last="Willems">Paul A. Willems</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>BP Corporation North America Inc., 2151 Berkeley Way</s1><s2>Berkeley, 94704</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Berkeley, 94704</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Horvath, Arpad" sort="Horvath, Arpad" uniqKey="Horvath A" first="Arpad" last="Horvath">Arpad Horvath</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, 215 McLaughlin Hall</s1><s2>Berkeley, California 94720</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Berkeley, California 94720</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mckone, Thomas E" sort="Mckone, Thomas E" uniqKey="Mckone T" first="Thomas E." last="Mckone">Thomas E. Mckone</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Environmental Energy Technologies Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory</s1><s2>Berkeley, California 94720</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Berkeley, California 94720</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j" type="main">Environmental science & technology</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">Environ. sci. technol.</title><idno type="ISSN">0013-936X</idno><imprint><date when="2014">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><title level="j" type="main">Environmental science & technology</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">Environ. sci. technol.</title><idno type="ISSN">0013-936X</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Alternative energy</term><term>Alternative motor fuel</term><term>Biofuel</term><term>Biopolymer</term><term>Biorefinery</term><term>Carbon footprint</term><term>Cost lowering</term><term>Environment impact</term><term>Gas emission</term><term>Greenhouse gas</term><term>Life cycle (environment)</term><term>Lignin</term><term>Pollution abatement</term><term>Pollution control</term><term>Renewable energy</term><term>Sustainable development</term><term>United States</term><term>Water consumption</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Lignine</term><term>Cycle vie (environnement)</term><term>Biocarburant</term><term>Etats-Unis</term><term>Diminution coût</term><term>Réduction pollution</term><term>Emission gaz</term><term>Gaz effet serre</term><term>Consommation eau</term><term>Bioraffinerie</term><term>Biopolymère</term><term>Impact environnement</term><term>Développement durable</term><term>Carburant remplacement</term><term>Energie renouvelable</term><term>Energie remplacement</term><term>Lutte antipollution</term><term>Empreinte carbone</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="topic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Développement durable</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Cellulosic ethanol can achieve estimated greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions greater than 80% relative to gasoline, largely as a result of the combustion of lignin for process heat and electricity in biorefineries. Most studies assume lignin is combusted onsite, but exporting lignin to be cofired at coal power plants has the potential to substantially reduce biorefinery capital costs. We assess the life-cycle GHG emissions, water use, and capital costs associated with four representative biorefinery test cases. Each case is evaluated in the context of a U.S. national scenario in which com stover, wheat straw, and Miscanthus are converted to 1.4 EJ (60 billion liters) of ethanol annually. Life-cycle GHG emissions range from 4.7 to 61 g CO<sub>2e</sub>/MJ of ethanol (compared with <sub>˜</sub>95 g CO<sub>2e</sub>/MJ of gasoline), depending on biorefinery configurations and marginal electricity sources. Exporting lignin can achieve GHG emission reductions comparable to onsite combustion in some cases, reduce life-cycle water consumption by up to 40%, and reduce combined heat and power-related capital costs by up to 63%. However, nearly 50% of current U.S. coal-fired power generating capacity is expected to be retired by 2050, which will limit the capacity for lignin cofiring and may double transportation distances between biorefineries and coal power plants.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>États-Unis</li></country></list><tree><country name="États-Unis"><noRegion><name sortKey="Scown, Corinne D" sort="Scown, Corinne D" uniqKey="Scown C" first="Corinne D." last="Scown">Corinne D. Scown</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Gokhale, Amit A" sort="Gokhale, Amit A" uniqKey="Gokhale A" first="Amit A." last="Gokhale">Amit A. Gokhale</name><name sortKey="Horvath, Arpad" sort="Horvath, Arpad" uniqKey="Horvath A" first="Arpad" last="Horvath">Arpad Horvath</name><name sortKey="Mckone, Thomas E" sort="Mckone, Thomas E" uniqKey="Mckone T" first="Thomas E." last="Mckone">Thomas E. Mckone</name><name sortKey="Willems, Paul A" sort="Willems, Paul A" uniqKey="Willems P" first="Paul A." last="Willems">Paul A. Willems</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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